Fracture Treatment

A fracture is a break or crack in a bone that occurs when more force is applied to the bone than it can withstand. Fractures can happen due to accidents, falls, sports injuries, or underlying conditions such as osteoporosis. Prompt and proper fracture treatment is essential to ensure correct healing, restore movement, and prevent long-term complications.

What Is a Fracture?

A fracture refers to any loss of continuity in a bone. It can range from a small crack to a complete break. Fractures may occur in any part of the body, but they are most common in the arms, legs, wrists, ankles, and hips. Early diagnosis and treatment help reduce pain, prevent deformity, and speed up recovery.

Types of Fractures

Fractures are classified based on how the bone breaks and whether the skin is affected.

Simple (Closed) Fracture: The bone breaks but does not pierce the skin.
Open (Compound) Fracture: The broken bone pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
Greenstick Fracture: Common in children where the bone bends and cracks instead of breaking completely.
Comminuted Fracture: The bone breaks into multiple pieces.
Stress Fracture: A small crack caused by repetitive stress, often seen in athletes.
Displaced Fracture: The bone fragments move out of alignment and require correction.

Symptoms of a Fracture

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Severe pain at the injury site

• Swelling and bruising

• Difficulty moving the affected area

• Visible deformity

• Tenderness when touched

• Inability to bear weight (in leg fractures)

If any of these symptoms appear after an injury, immediate medical attention is recommended.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose fractures through:

• Physical examination

• X-rays

• CT scan or MRI (in complex cases)

These tests help determine the type of fracture and the best treatment method.

Fracture Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of the fracture.

1. Immobilization (Casting or Splinting)
Most minor fractures can heal with a cast or splint that keeps the bone in place while it heals naturally.

2. Closed Reduction
If the bone is misaligned, the doctor may manually reposition it before applying a cast.

3. Surgery
Severe fractures may require surgery using plates, screws, or rods to stabilize the bone. This is common in joint fractures or complex breaks.

4. Physiotherapy
After the bone heals, physiotherapy helps restore strength, flexibility, and movement.

Recovery Time

Healing time varies depending on age, health, and fracture type:

• Minor fractures: 4–6 weeks

• Moderate fractures: 6–12 weeks

• Major fractures or surgery: 3–6 months or longer

Following medical advice and attending follow-ups ensures proper healing.

Tips for Faster Healing

• Eat calcium-rich foods (milk, leafy greens)

• Take vitamin D

• Avoid smoking and alcohol

• Follow doctor’s instructions

• Attend physiotherapy sessions

• Avoid putting weight on the injured area too soon

Prevention of Fractures

While not all fractures can be avoided, the risk can be reduced by:

• Wearing protective gear during sports

• Maintaining strong bones through diet and exercise

• Preventing falls at home

• Regular health checkups for bone density

When to See a Doctor

Seek immediate care if:

• Pain is severe

• Bone is visible through skin

• There is heavy swelling

• Movement is impossible

Early treatment prevents complications and speeds recovery.

Conclusion

Fracture treatment focuses on aligning the bone, ensuring proper healing, and restoring normal function. With timely medical care, advanced treatment methods, and proper rehabilitation, most fractures heal successfully. If you or a loved one experiences a fracture, consult an orthopaedic specialist for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.